Paperless System in Thailand Essay Example

Paperless System in Thailand Essay This study seeks to find out the chief barriers and give recommendations accordingly. The study also aims to identify the required steps for Thailand to take to reach the Single Window stage. The study is done by surveying people in the relevant fields using interview questionnaire. The result shows that users are more satisfied with PETS than DEED. However, a lot more can still be done to further improve PETS, for example, raise the number of trained customs officer, maintain the system and prevent errors occurred. Provide related lecture for system users. Moreover, in order to be ready for advancing to the next stage, there is a need to build the capacity of government agencies and the officers, raise Acts budget, revise laws and regulations and lastly, pursue wallpapered road-maps to SW and utilize modeling tools. As for the cross- border level, maintenance of Regional Standard Data sets in the term of human resource, revision of laws and regulations for cross-border data exchange are required to reach the goal of establishing cross-border SW. 4 Acknowledgement It is an honor for me to derive such valuable opinions from all of the interviewees who are experience in the field of my study. We will write a custom essay sample on Paperless System in Thailand specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Paperless System in Thailand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Paperless System in Thailand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This thesis would not have been possible without their precious cooperation. Moreover, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Yakima Kanji, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. Besides my supervisor, I am heartily thankful to Miss Mack and Professor Simon Bah who gave me advices on thesis pattern as well as pointed out lots of grammatical errors. I am indented to my colleague, Kane Standardization to support me in a number of ways. He helped me look for some information I cannot reach during my stay in Japan. Furthermore, he also assisted me to appropriate the words used in my thesis. Last but not least, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any aspects during the completion of the project. Coordinators Sandpit 5 Chapter l: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to assess the status of Paperless Trading System (PETS) in Thailand and to study and discuss steps needed to advance to the next stage of trading system. There is a need to understand what PETS is all about. According to APACE (Wang Khan, 2005), Paperless Trading is the activity of exchanging data through electronic means. It means all parties in the chain of trade, namely, supplier, Dryers, customs, puddle Institutes, Tanks Ana logistic companies, utilize information technology and standardize business data exchange among participants, in order to accomplish the whole processes from finding a partner to the signing of a contract in trading. To better understand paperless trading, let us have a look at the broader sense of e-commerce and how it relates to paperless trading. According to the assessment reported by Wang Khan, 2005, E-commerce Demonstration Act of United Nations International Trade Committee describes the wider sense of e- amerce as business activities that utilize data information, which refers to information produced, transmitted or stored via electronic, optical or other similar ways. In other words, the broader sense of e-commerce can be regarded as e- business that consists of e-commerce and paperless trading or e-trade. The chain of International Trade starts when an order is placed, followed by transporting goods, clearing custom and paying bills. This chain involves logistics, financial process, and information circulation, and it implicates multiple parties and working sectors. The implement of International Trade is high since there are different goods, ways of delivery, processes and varieties of payment (as shown in Fig 1. . ) Figure 1 . 1: Chain of International Trade Source: Wang, J. Khan, F. (2005) From the chain process above, it is obvious that some parties, such as customs, are directly related to markets, and some others, such as the government, are not. However, this does not mean that market efficiency is affected by these non-market related parties. In fact, they play a very important role in the process because the efficiency of overspent admi nistration and legislation has a positive impact on market efficiency directly. Moreover, the non-market related parties such as the government could affect other marketplaces parties as well. For instance, governments could set up some standards, rules and regulations to coordinate for administration purposes. Therefore, without government participation in building a 6 better public service environment, the development of paperless trading will be restrained. As a result, it can be said that paperless trading is a combination of E- commerce and E-government in the field of international trade (Refer to Fig. . 2).

Out of Darkness Comes Light Essays

Out of Darkness Comes Light Essays Out of Darkness Comes Light Paper Out of Darkness Comes Light Paper Ten years ago Tariq couldnt have walked down Leyton high street without having at least one racist comment shouted at him. His family was driven out of Iraq because of Saddam Hussein. His father was taken hostage by a guerilla mob and is most likely dead. He found his way to Britain in the back of a lorry with his mother and his two younger sisters. When he arrived in Britain he lived in a hostel in Leytonstone with his family and his twelve year old sister had to work as a prostitute to try and earn enough money to provide for the family. His mother was ill and his youngest sister, Zahrsa had to look after her throughout the day whilst he was at school trying to get an education. He was bullied continuously at school and had one friend Marik who lived on the same estate as him. Tariqs story started like this:It was your average Tuesday night for Tariq. Hed just finished school at Tom Hood High School, where he went to school, and was making his way to the park where he always met his friend Marik, everyday after school. Mariks family was very rich and Marik went to a private school in Hertfordshire where he was bullied constantly. That was the base of their friendship, the fact that they were both the victims of bullying. Tariq made his way over to the swings in the corner of the playground, avoiding the stares from the rudeboys who were sitting on the bench the other side of the park most likely smoking cannabis. Marik was normally here first because his bus stop was just round the block but it was Tariqs turn to play the waiting game today. Tariq started to count the buses going past him on the road opposite him when Marik turned the corner.Marik made his way over to Tariq and sat down on the swing next to him.Ten years ago Tariq couldnt have walked down Leyton high street without having at least one racist comment shouted at him. His family was driven out of Iraq because of Saddam Hussein. His father was taken hostage by a guerilla mob and is most likely dead. He found his way to Britain in the back of a lorry with his mother and his two younger sisters. When he arrived in Britain he lived in a hostel in Leytonstone with his family and his twelve year old sister had to work as a prostitute to try and earn enough money to provide for the family. His mother was ill and his youngest sister, Zahrsa had to look after her throughout the day whilst he was at school trying to get an education. He was bullied continuously at school and had one friend Marik who lived on the same estate as him. Tariqs story started like this:It was your average Tuesday night for Tariq. Hed just finished school at Tom Hood High School, where he went to school, and was making his way to the park where he always met his friend Marik, everyday after school. Mariks family was very rich and Marik went to a private school in Hertfordshire where he was bullied constantly. That was the base of their friendship, the fact that they were both the victims of bullying. Tariq made his way over to the swings in the corner of the playground, avoiding the stares from the rudeboys who were sitting on the bench the other side of the park most likely smoking cannabis. Marik was normally here first because his bus stop was just round the block but it was Tariqs turn to play the waiting game today. Tariq started to count the buses going past him on the road opposite him when Marik turned the corner. Marik made his way over to Tariq and sat down on the swing next to him.

Dates and Cities of the Olympic Games Throughout History

Dates and Cities of the Olympic Games Throughout History The Modern Olympic Games began in 1896, 1,503 years after the ancient Olympics were abolished. Held every four years- with a few exceptions (during  World War I  and  World War II)- these Games have brought camaraderie across borders and around the world. The athletes within each of these Olympic Games have undergone hardship and struggle. Some overcame poverty, while others overcame sickness and injury. Yet each gave their all and competed to see who was the fastest, strongest and best in the world. Discover the unique story of each of the Olympic Games. 1896 Athens Olympics The first Modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece during the first weeks of April 1896. The 241 athletes who competed represented only 14 countries and wore their athletic club uniforms instead of national uniforms. Of the 14 countries in attendance, eleven have officially been declared in awards records: Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.   1900 Paris Olympics The second Modern Olympic Games took place in Paris from May to October 1900 as part of the World Exhibition. The games were riddled with disorganization and were under-publicized. 997 athletes from 24 countries competed.   1904 St. Louis Olympics The  Games of the III Olympiad were held in St. Louis, Mo. from August to  September 1904. Due to tensions from the  Russo-Japanese War and complications in getting to the United States, only 62 of the 650 athletes who competed came from outside North America. Only  12 to 15 nations were represented.   Unofficial 1906 Athens Olympics Intended to reinvigorate interest in the Olympic Games after the 1900 and 1904 games yielded little fanfare, the Athens Games of 1906 were the first and only Intercalated Games, which had been meant to exist every four years (between regular Games) and only take place in Athens, Greece.  The president of the Modern Olympics declared the 1906 Games unofficial after the fact.   1908 London Olympics Originally slated for Rome, the fourth official Olympic Games was moved to London in the wake of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. These games were the first to feature an opening ceremony and considered the most organized yet.   1912 Stockholm Olympics The fifth official Olympic Games featured the use of electric timing devices and a public address system for the first time. Over 2,500 athletes competed representing 28 countries. These games are still heralded as one of the most organized to date.   The 1916 Olympics Due to rising tensions of World War I, the Games were canceled. They were originally scheduled for Berlin.   1920 Antwerp Olympics The VII Olympiad took place immediately after World War I, resulting in several countries decimated by the war not being able to compete. These Games marked the first appearance of the Olympic flag. 1924 Paris Olympics At the request and honor of retiring IOC president and founder  Pierre de  Coubertin, the  VIII Olympiad was held in his home city of Paris from May to July 1924. The first Olympic Village and Olympic Closing Ceremony marked new features of these Games.   1928 Amsterdam Olympics The IX Olympiad featured several new games, including gymnastics for women and mens track and field events, but most notably the IOC added the Olympics Torch and lighting ceremonies to the Games repertoire this year.  3,000 athletes from  46 countries participated.   1932 Los Angeles Olympics With the world currently experiencing the effects of the Great Depression, traveling to California for the X Olympiad seemed insurmountable, resulting in low response rates from countries invited. Domestic ticket sales also did poorly despite a small bump from celebrities who volunteered to entertain the crowds. Only 1,300 athletes participated, representing 37 countries.   1936 Berlin Olympics Without knowing Hilter would rise to power, the IOC awarded Berlin the Games in 1931.  This sparked international debate about boycotting the Games, but 49 countries ended up competing. These were the first televised games.   The Olympics in 1940 and 1944 Originally slated for  Tokyo, Japan, threats to boycott due to Japans war-mongering and Japans concern the Games would distract from their military goal led to the IOC  awarding  Helsinki, Finland the Games. Unfortunately, due to the outbreak of WWII in 1939, the games were canceled altogether. The IOC did not schedule a 1944 Olympic Games because of World War IIs continued devastation around the world.   1948 London Olympics Despite much debate over whether to continue the Games after World War II, the XIV Olympiad was held in London from July to August 1948 with a few post-war modifications. Japan and Germany, the aggressors of WWII, were not invited to compete. The Soviet Union, though invited, declined to participate.   1952 Helsinki Olympics The XV Olympiad in Helsinki, Finland saw the addition of the Soviet Union,  Israel, and the Peoples Republic of China to countries competing.  The Soviets set up their own Olympic Village for Eastern Bloc athletes and a feeling of east versus west mentality permeated the atmosphere of these Games.   1956 Melbourne Olympics These games were held in November and December as the first Games to take place in the Southern Hemisphere. Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon protest the Games because of Israels invasion of Egypt and the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland boycotted because of the Soviet Unions invasion of Budapest, Hungary.   1960 Rome Olympics The XVII Olympiad in Rome returned the Games to their origin country for the first time in over 50 years due to the relocation of the 1908 Games. It was also the first time the Games were fully televised and the first time the Olympic Anthem was used. This was the last time South Africa was allowed to compete for 32 years (until apartheid ended).   1964 Tokyo Olympics The  XVIII Olympiad marked the first use of computers to keep results of competitions and the first games South Africa was barred from for its racist policy of apartheid.  5,000 athletes competed from 93 countries.  Indonesia and  North Korea did not participate.   1968 Mexico City The Games of the XIX Olympiad were marred by political unrest. 10 days before the Opening Ceremony,  the Mexican army shot over 1,000 student protestors, killing 267 of them. The Games continued with little comment on the issue, and during an award ceremony for winning Gold and Bronze for the 200-meter race, two U.S. athletes raised a single black-gloved hand in salute to the Black Power movement, resulting in being barred from the Games.   1972 Munich Olympics The XX Olympiad is most remembered for the Palestinian terrorist attack that resulted in the death of 11 Israeli athletes. Despite this, the Opening Ceremonies continued a day later than scheduled and 7,000 athletes from 122 countries competed.   1976 Montreal Olympics 26 African countries boycotted the XXI Olympiad due to New Zealand playing independent rugby games against still-apartheid South Africa in the years leading up to the 1976 Games.  Accusations (mostly unproven) were waged against several athletes suspected of using anabolic steroids to enhance performance. 6,000 athletes competed representing only 88 countries.   1980 Moscow Olympics The XXII Olympiad marks the first and only Games to take place in Eastern Europe.  65 countries boycotted the games due to the Soviet Unions war in Afghanistan.  An Olympic Boycott Games known as the Liberty Bell Classic was held at the same time in Philadelphia to host competitors from those countries who boycotted.   1984 Los Angeles Olympics In response to the United States boycott of the 1980 Moscow Games, the Soviet Union and 13  other countries boycotted the Los Angeles-based XXIII Olympiad.  These Games also saw the return of China for the first time since 1952.   1988 Seoul Olympics Angered that the IOC did not nominate them to co-host the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, North Korea attempted to rally countries in a boycott but only succeeded in convincing allies  Ethiopia, Cuba, and Nicaragua. These Games marked a return to their international popularity. 159 countries competed, represented by 8,391 athletes.   1992 Barcelona Olympics Because of a ruling in 1994 by the IOC to make the Olympic Games (including Winter Games) occur in alternating even-numbered years, this was the last year both Summer and Winter Olympic Games took place in the same year.  It was also the first since 1972 to be unaffected by boycotts.  9,365 athletes competed, representing 169 countries. Nations of the former Soviet Union joined under The Unified  Team consisting of 12 of the former 15 republics.   1996 Atlanta Olympics The XXVI Olympiad marked the centennial of the Games founding in 1896.  was the first to occur without government support, which led to a commercialization of the Games. A pipe bomb that exploded in  Atlantas Olympic Park killed two people, but motive and perpetrator were never determined. A record 197 countries and 10,320 athletes competed.   2000 Sydney Olympics Praised as one of the best games in Olympic history, the XXVII Olympiad played host to 199 countries and was relatively unaffected by the controversy of any type.  The United States earned the most medals, followed by Russia, China, and Australia.   2004 Athens Olympics Security and terrorism were at the center of preparation for the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens, Greece due to the rising international conflict in the wake of the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001.  These Games saw the rise of Michael Phelps, who earned 6 gold medals in swimming events.   2008 Beijing Olympics Despite protests for host Chinas actions in Tibet, the XXIX Olympiad continued as planned. 43 world and 132 Olympic records were set by 10,942 athletes representing 302 National Olympics Committees (countries organized into one represented team). Of those who competed in the Games, an impressive 86 countries medaled (earned at least one medal) at these Games.   2012 London Olympics Becoming the hosts with the most, Londons XXX Olympiad marked the most times a single city has hosted the Games (1908, 1948 and 2012).  Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time with additions from the year totaling 22 career Olympic medals. The United States earned the most medals, with China and Great Britain taking second and third place.   2016 Rio De Janeiro Olympics The XXXI Olympiad marked the first competition for new entrants  South Sudan, Kosovo, and the Refugee Olympic Team.  Rio is the first South American country to host the Olympic Games.  Instability of the countrys government, pollution of its bay, and a Russian doping scandal-marred preparation for the Games. The United States earned its 1,000th Olympic medal during these games and earned the most of the XXIV Olympiad, followed by Great Britain and China. Brazil finished 7th overall. 2020 Tokyo Olympics The IOC awarded Tokyo, Japan the XXXII Olympiad on September 7, 2013. Istanbul and Madrid were also up for candidacy. The games are scheduled to begin July 24 and end August 9, 2020.

Sexual Harassment Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexual Harassment - Research Paper Example It commonly takes a pattern of behavior, but it can also take the form of a single incidence to direct towards a group of persons or an individual. It is noteworthy that all employees; whether supervisors, peers, or subordinates should treat one another with respect, tolerance, sensitivity, and impartiality. They should avoid any behavior that may create a hostile environment or intimidation at the work place. However, this is not the case in most of the workplaces as observed. Many types of behaviors fall under the same umbrella of sexual harassment. There are effective ways as outlined in the law to deal with sexual harassment. People consider sexual harassment as a â€Å"natural† practice based on pure sexual attraction (Petrocelli, and Barbara Kate, 3). A common say goes, â€Å"Boys will be boys†. They will always be attracted to women at all costs or any circumstance. Sexual harassment may result from the victim’s provocative dressing behavior, people statin g, â€Å"she was asking for it† (Resnik 660). That statement is what most of the culprits say. They also believe that sexual harassment is justified because women are working in jobs traditionally held by men i.e. â€Å"it is men’s work; women should not be there.† The tradition that women should not have power still operates for some persons. In that, they believe that women should primarily be homemakers.In most cases, what follows is that there are no consequences for the harasser, no incentives to report sexual harassment (Baillien, Inge, and Hans 5). The victim receives blame while, in other cases, it is said that a work environment is permissive of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is also about economic motivations. Men have used it in maintaining their competitiveness in the workplace. Their aim in doing this is to preserve their most rewarding jobs as they brand women in such positions as incompetent and unsuitable for such positions.Sexual harassmen t is a dignity insult in the workplace. Some theories characterize sexual harassment as a violation of dignity. They aim at prohibiting harassing behavior towards all workers regardless of gender (Heather, Vanessa, and Deborah 4). In fact, some Western European countries address such issues as â€Å"moral harassment,†, â€Å"workplace bullying† or â€Å"mobbing† thus; they focus less on the issue as a gender dynamic and more on the question of rights for all workers. Sexual harassment refers to any interaction be it verbal, or physical, that causes displeasure. This interaction could be verbal abuse, jokes, or conversations about sex or sexual suggestions or explicit language about sex that offends another person. Pressure for sex e.g. one could be flirting, asking for sex, staring or brushing up against a person’s body, is an offensive behavior. It includes any physical contact that a person does not want like patting, pinching, hugging kissing or any un needed touching (Baker 23). Showing any sexually explicit or degrading materials like posters, calendars, graffiti, or clothing with an offensive message is another conduct considered sexual harassment (Barickman, Barickman, and Paludi 133). Short message services (SMS) in mobile phones and emails or other communication tools that display offensive language is sexual harassment. A work-related event that is sexually oriented is a serious offence considered harassment. In some cases, an employer or fellow

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as Essay - 9

Organizational culture is fundamentally about symbolic meaning and as such cannot be managed. Discuss - Essay Example Organization culture symbolic meaning. On one side, each person enthusiastically represents one particular symbol or culture of the organization (Alvesson, 2012). An employee of Coca cola is seen as symbolizing what Coca cola manufactures and sells. The people will create an impression that one person who is an employee Coca Cola represents the ideals or policies of the company. If the employee is one of the managers of Coca Cola, then the outsider who hears stories of employees being discriminated against will have an initial picture that the nearby Coca cola manager symbolizes the abuses of Coca Cola Management. Further, management can ensure the subordinate willingly symbolizes the organization’s location. An employee who works in the White House is seen as symbolizing the policies of the White House. The outsider may think that the employee symbolizes power. The outsider can seek the help of the White House employee. The outsider feels that the White house employee can use his White House employment to help the outsider tour the premises of the White house. In a basketball game or any organization, the audiences or employees happily symbolize the goals of the organizations (Campbell, 1998). ... The students are proud to show their school uniforms. Similarly, the basketball or baseball players use the school basketball uniform. The uniform symbolizes what the school stands for. Any person who sees a the same university’s basketball player wear the school uniform will accept that the basketball player represents what the university stands for, such as where the school is located, the size of the school, and the type of learning being inculcated among the young university students’ minds. Likewise, another employee’s uniform symbolizes the eager acceptance of the organization culture. A person seen wearing the uniform of Starbucks coffee is seen as symbolizing what Starbucks stands for, expensive high quality coffee. An outsider seeing a person wearing the coffee store’s uniform will know that Starbucks name represents high quality coffee. Likewise the same coffee shop uniform symbolizes coffee that is not within the reach of the economically depriv ed (poor and jobless) citizens of our nation, United States (Flamholtz, 2011). Further, an employee of the accounting department fervently symbolizes expertise in the department’s financial functions. The employees of the other departments of the organization will accept the concept that they can approach the accounting employee regarding their payroll miscalculations. The other employees of the same entity will have an initial concept that each accounting department employee has an idea as to how the salaries are computed. Consequently, the other employees of the company are eager to approach and seek the help of the nearby accounting personnel (Flamholtz, 2011). Furthermore, an employee cheerfully symbolizes adherence to the organization management’s instructions. An employee of one

Comparing Invisible Man and Brave New World Essay -- comparison compar

Comparing Invisible Man and Brave New World      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both Ellison’s The Invisible Man and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World are political in nature, and at this level, seem completely dissimilar. The Invisible Man attempts to illuminate the social entrapment of Black Americans, while Brave New World cautions against an over-reliance on technology and the amorality it can potentially inspire. At a deeper level, however, both books are also about the status of the individual in society, and it is here that there is a remarkable similarity between the two novels.    In both The Invisible Man and Brave New World, we see men fighting against societies that devalue their individuality and thereby lessen their sense of identity and self worth. "I've always tried to create characters who were pretty forthright in stating what they felt society should be" said Ellison in a 1963 interview (Graham and Singh, 85). This statement captures the underlying theme of both novels : that an ideal society is one that is founded upon the ability of individuals to assert themselves freely and without prejudice. Close examination of both works show that while they are wildly different in many ways, at this one level, they are very much the same.    In order to see this similarity in theme more clearly, we must first peel back the layer of political meaning, which isn't easy. As previously stated, these are both political novels on the surface, and sixty years of critical commentary that has focused specifically on this level has done little to make an alternative reading any easier: conventional wisdom tells us that Invisible Man is a treatise on the state of Black America, and Brave New World is a cautionary tale of the misuse of techn... ...aid Ellison in an interview shortly before his death, "is that they are individuals with individual vision" (Graham and Singh, 391). It is upon the strengths of these individuals that our entire society is built. And unlike John, the embattled savage of Brave New World, whose desperation I recognized even as a child peering into a coloring book, the individuals in Invisible Man still have the power to make themselves heard and continue the grand cycle of applying their "individual vision" to the tapestry of society.    Sources Cited Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York, New York: Vintage Books, 1995. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited. New York, New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Amritjit Singh and Maryemma Graham. Conversations with Ralph Ellison. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi.      

Environmental Science Chapter 18 Review Essay

Chapters 18-1 & 18-2 Review Section 1 Review – 1. List six forms of renewable energy, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each. Pros: 1) Passive solar heating may hold a great advantage for a homeowner if there is reliable sunlight that is able to shine into the home and create warmth. Also, it will reduce energy bills in their liquid even when the sun is not shining. 3) Wind power is cheap, clean energy that is the average household. 2) Active solar heating systems have the advantage of storing heat in essentially free once the infrastructure is paid for. 4) Biomass fuel is in abundant supply and can convert waste into energy. 5) Hydroelectric energy may be expensive to build, but are inexpensive to operate. Unlike fossil fuel plants, hydroelectric dams do not release air pollutants into the atmosphere that cause acid precipitation. They also last longer than most other plants. 6) Geothermal energy is almost entirely emission free and can be built underground. Cons: 1) Passive solar heating may only be seen as an effective use of power if the climate is able to provide enough sunlight. 2) Active solar heating plans are expensive and in most areas, an active solar system will be unable to capture enough sunlight to replace the heating and electrical systems in a house. 3) Wind power can be a failed energy source, for wind is inconsistent, unsteady and unpredictable. 4) Biomass fuel is costly to produce and needs a substructure of fossil fuel for production and use. It can result in habitat loss, deforestation, and harmful air pollution. 5) Hydroelectric energy is directly related to how much water is available, thus potentially causing a drought. They also relate to interventions in nature due to damming of water, changed water flow and the construction of roads and power lines. 6) Geothermal power is also expensive to obtain and must be managed carefully so that it is not depleted . 2. Describe the differences between passive solar heating, active solar heating, and photovoltaic energy. Passive solar energy uses the sun’s energy to heat something directly while active solar heating and photovoltaic energy uses energy from the sun that is gathered by collectors. 3. Describe how hydroelectric energy, geothermal energy, and geothermal energy pumps work. Hydroelectric energy is produced by heating up water to produce steam, which then spins the turbines and generates electricity. Geothermal energy  is created when steam rises through a well and drives turbines, which generate electricity. The leftover liquid water is then pumped back into the hot rock. Geothermal energy pumps are used so when the ground is warmer, the heat is transferred from the ground to warm the house and when the ground is cool, heat is transferred from the house to the ground to cool the house. 4. Explain whether all renewable energy sources have their origin in energy from the sun. Only a small fraction of the sun’s energy reaches the Earth. However, this energy is enough to power the wind, plant growth, and the water cycle. So nearly all renewable energy comes directly or indirectly from the sun. Section 2 Review – 1. Describe three alternative energy technologies, and identify two ways that hydrogen could be used as fuel source in the future. Three examples of alternative energy technologies are tidal power, ocean thermal energy conversion, and solar chimneys. Tidal power is when the tide rises, water flows behind a dam and when the tide falls, the water is trapped behind the damn. When water in the reservoir is released, it turns a turbine that generates electricity. OTEC is when warm surface water is brought to a boil in a vacuum chamber. The boiling water produces steam to drive a turbine that generates electricity. Solar chimneys use the greenhouse effect to produce moving air that escapes through a central chimney where wind turbines make electricity. Hydrogen can be burned as fuel, for it does not contain carbon, so it does not release pollutants associated with burning fossil fuels and biomass. Hydrogen isotopes can also be used in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction. 2. List as many w ays as you can for individuals and communities to conserve energy. – Replacing light bulbs with new energy efficient models – Adjusting the temperature of your home while away or sleeping – Wash clothing with cold water – Install low-flow showerheads and faucets – Turning out lights in vacant rooms 3. Describe the difference between energy conservation and energy efficiency. Energy efficiency is the percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work while energy conservation means saving energy. 4. What factors influence a person’s choice to conserve energy? Factors that may influence a person’s choice to conserve energy are to help lower their energy bill and help the environment.